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he Human Genome Project (HGP) began in 1990 (Genomics, 1999). It has been developing and expanding for 16 years, and has cost millions of dollars (National Geographic News, 2006). This project has mapped the basics of the human genome, which proved to be an extremely difficult goal (Suzuki S. & Knudtson P, 1988; National Geographic News, 2006). This consists of reading human DNA in order to gain some insight as to the defects in genes leading to diseases, since all living organisms are defined by their DNA (Genomics, 1999; National Geographic News, 2006). These chemical molecules determine our 'blueprint for biological development', determining our hair colour, blood type, eye colour, etc (National Geographic News, 2006). Scientists worldwide have stored over 500 million sequences of DNA bases (Genomics, 1999).

eneticists at the National Human Genome Research Institute at the U.S. National Institutes of Health are trying to cut the cost of DNA mapping. People could therefore have their DNA tested, as well as learn about their origins in an efficient and economic way (National Geographic News, 2006). By knowing a patient's genetic background, doctors could diagnose illnesses years before the symptoms appear in an individual. The Human Genome Project has advanced with the growth of the internet and computing. This endeavour is currently digitally mapping the final gene sequences of DNA, allowing the genome to be read and replicated much faster and more efficiently (National Geographic News, 2006). This publication states that one fifth of all human genes, numbering roughly 4000 thus far, have been patented. This is done by private firms and universities. Gene patents allow for the company to have the rights to those genes: if the gene is found to help in curing diseases, they get the credit and profit (National Geographic News, 2006).