1. Branches on the south side of a coniferous spruce tree in northern latitudes are more likely to have developed an apical form of upwardly-angled branches, where whorls of branches that grow out in a manner where they can capture as much incident radiation as possible, while still retaining the tree’s “natural” vertical (whorls of different ages spaced vertically) and horizontal (lateral and sub-lateral branches) patterns. Branch angles will most likely be at or slightly above 90°. This is because the south side of a tree is exposed to more sunlight for longer as the sun moves from east to west daily facing the south, since they have branches at all angles and levels in this pattern. This increases the plant’s photosynthetic efficiency to allow for capability to obtain the optimal amount of solar energy.
   
2. If the apical form of coniferous spruce trees is able to collect solar energy efficiently, then the same design could be adapted for use in photovoltaic panel arrangements. The panels could be arranged in a manner similar to the spruce tree, thus providing a new design for alternative solar energy collection.
   
3. Such a new system should be more efficient than other systems of solar energy collection because the system has been naturally proven by trees to be effective for collecting solar energy. The series circuit is hypothesized to have a higher power output than a parallel-series circuit due to a higher voltage ratio.

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