Natalie Raso - Weapons of Targeted Destruction: Using Viruses to Kill Cancer
     Controls and Variables

Project Information

Abstract

Project Summary

Background

Purpose

Scientific Thought

Hypotheses

Apparatus and Materials

Genetically Engineered KM110red Herpesvirus


Methodology

Procedure for Cell-Line Splitting

Procedure for KM110r Infection

Procedure for Immunofluorescent
Microscopy Imaging


Statistical Analyses

Proliferation Assay Analyzed Data

Major Results

Graphed Results

Discussion of Statistics

Controls and Variables

Conclusions

Discussion

Discussion of KM110r Efficacy

Successes and Failures

Sources of Error and Data

Limitations


Future Research

Applications

Glossary

Bibliography

Acknowledgements
 

Independent (Manipulated) Variables

  • Cells being tested (hFOB, U2OS, or MIX)
  • Status of KM110r Infection
  • Incubation temperature
  • Time Period Post-KM110r infection

 

Dependent (Respondent) Variables

  • Total cell count in each image
  • Number of dead cells in each image
  • Presence or absence of “red” signal in RFP channel
  • Morphological changes in hFOB cells

 

Controlled Variables

  • All temperature trials were repeated, resulting in over 1000 images and corresponding values.
  • hFOB and U2OS cell lines are both bone cells
  • Extremely large sample sizes were used (1000 images)
  • U2OS and hFOB cell lines were kept under the same conditions in the same incubators
  • U2OS and hFOB cell lines were never exposed to any air other than that inside the Cell and Virus Hoods.
  • The same inoculum was used for all infections.
  • The same formula was used to calculate the ratio at which to split cells for the entire experimentation period
  • A Level II Biohazard Hood was used for all splitting and infecting procedures to ensure that no contamination of the cell lines would occur
  • When one of each wells (hFOB, U2OS, and MIX) were being infected, their counterparts were mock-infected (all of the same steps were performed except for infection itself).
  • The same splitting and infecting procedures were carried out at every stage of the experiment.
  • Three fields of view were imaged from each well.
  • Each field of view was imaged in bright field, and RFP and GFP where necessary.
  • All images were taken at 10x magnification.
  • Each channel (bright field, GFP, and RFP) had a unique exposure level, maintained for the duration of the experiment.
  • All images were taken with the same microscope.
  • All images were contrast-enhanced.
  • The images were counted by the same observer.
  • The images were viewed on the same computer to be counted.
  • A manual cell counter was used; only one person did the manual counting
  • The same media (DMEM+10% FBS) was used over the course of experimentation.
  • The same concentration of Trypsin (1x) was used over the course of experimentation.


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