The main 3 ingredients plants need to live are water, light and air. But there are also a bunch of little things a plant needs that a lot of people don't know about. Like certain plants need to grow in the right temperature and climate. For example, a palm tree would die if it tried to grow in the north pole (so would anything else). Also, just because plants need water doesn't mean that they will gulp it all down without drowning.
Some plants can't handle direct light. If they are right in front of their light source, chances are it will get too hot and wilt.