Our Experiments

 
Introduction
What is Bt?
Bt Corn
The Monarch
How Bt 
 Works

Experiments
The Losey
  Study

The Risk [?]
Conclusion
Bibliography
 
 

We were able to observe and assist in experiments conducted on Bt  effectiveness conducted by Dr. Loraine Braun of the University of Saskatchewan. In this experiment, Bt canola plants, and normal canola plants were placed into an environment with Diamondback Moths, a major pest for canola crops. Several tests were conducted, and the data is as follows.
The word "instar" refers to the larval stage. "First instar" refers to the first larval stage of the organism, "Second instar" refers to the second, and so on.

Second Instar Test

The larvae involved in this test were in their second stage--that is, they had molted once.
There were three different types of Bt Canola in this exiperiment, each containing a different type of Bt protein.2

Mortality RateControlCry1Ab ToxinCry 1CCry 9C
Day 72.25%20.75%43.20%91.25%
Day 1525%45%100%100%

ConsumptionControlCry1Ab ToxinCry 1CCry 9C
Day 1571.85%53.91%27.39%0.03%

The three types of Canola (Cry1Ab Toxin, Cry 1C, Cry 9C) are all varieties of Genetically Modified canola expressing different varieties of the Bt toxin. As can be seen, Bt is extremely effective in deterring the Diamondback Moths from preying on the plants. In this experiment the Cry 9C was the most effective strain of Bt.

Fourth Instar Test

Left: Control; Right: Bt

These two plants were placed in an environment together with Diamondback Moths. To the left is the control plant, an ordinary Canola stalk. To the right is the Bt plant. The Canola plant has been picked clean by the pests, while the Bt plant is all but untouched. Plants with Bt proteins built into their DNA are perfectly capable of defending themselves against pests like Diamondback Moths.

Second Instar Test

Below is a picture of leaves from individual Canola plants placed into trays. The three trays were separated, and groups of Diamondback Moth larvae were placed into the environments.

Leaf Disks: Control Group
The control group


Leaf Disks: Cry1Ab
The Bt Cry 1Ab group


Leaf Disks: Cry9C
The Bt Cry 9C group


As you can see, the Bt Cry 9C plant remained virtually uneaten, and, after the 15th day, all of the Diamondback Moths introduced to it had died. The other plants were quite severely devoured, and only a handful of the larvae had passed away. Bt plants are very capable of surviving an onslaught of Diamondback larvae, among other species of moth. This means incredible amounts of savings for farmers, who will produce crops of a higher quality with less effort.

 
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Marcus Erlandson & Theo Litowski